A team of researchers from China and Taiwan used Aerosol Jet 3D printing to develop a neuronal interface for implants with prolonged anti-inflammatory ability, structural and mechanical properties that mimicked brain tissue, and a sustained nonfouling property in order to inhibit tissue encapsulation. The team developed a new type of anti-inflammatory nanogel, based on the amphiphilic polydimethylsiloxane-modified N, O-carboxylic chitosan (PMSC) incorporated with oligo-proanthocyanidin (OPC), called OPMSC which was directly fabricated onto a membrane using aerosol jet printing technology.